Which factor will not counteract the harmful effects of pollution on the skin?

• A. Sun exposure
• B. Cleansing
• C. Sunscreen
• D. Antioxidants

Answer: (A)

Pollution causes oxidative stress in the skin by generating reactive oxygen species, so strategies that reduce exposure to pollutants and their effects help protect the skin. Cleansing removes pollutant particles from the surface, shortening contact time and lessening irritation. Sunscreen acts as a barrier and helps prevent UV-driven ROS that can amplify damage. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, reducing oxidative damage before it harms skin cells. Sun exposure, on the other hand, increases ROS and inflammation, worsening damage rather than counteracting it. So sun exposure will not counteract the harmful effects of pollution on the skin.