Electricity exhibits which of the following effects?

• A. Magnetic
• B. Electrical and chemical
• C. Magnetic, thermal, and chemical
• D. Thermal

Answer: (C)

Electrical energy can interact with matter in magnetic, thermal, and chemical ways. A current flowing through a conductor generates a magnetic field around it, which is why electromagnets and many devices rely on this magnetic effect. At the same time, resistance in the conductor converts part of the electrical energy into heat, producing a thermal effect such as warming a wire or a heating element. In solutions or electrolytes, electricity can drive chemical reactions, causing chemical changes when ions move and react, as seen in electrolysis. Since all three effects can occur with electrical current, describing magnetic, thermal, and chemical effects together best captures what electricity can exhibit. The other options only mention one or two of these effects and don’t reflect the full range.